A team of astronomers has used the Subaru and Keck Telescopes to discover the most distant galaxy ever found, SXDF-NB1006-2, at a distance of 12.91 billion light years from the Earth. Astronomers think that the our Universe began 13.7 billion years ago at the Big Bang. The exteme temperature and density of this fireball decreased rapidly as its volume increased. Hot cosmic plasma composed mainly of protons and electrons recombined to form neutral hydrogen atoms within 380,000 years after the Big Bang. This was the beginning of the cosmic "dark age." From then on, the gas continued to cool and fluctuated in density. These findings help us to understand the nature of the early Universe during the "cosmic dawn," when the light of ancient celestial objects and structures first appeared from obscurity.