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The New Decade Arrives Under a Blue Moon Tonight
The term “Blue Moon” has had a few different meanings throughout history. A Blue Moon can actually mean a bluish appearance of the moon, which can happen when certain dust or smoke particles are present in the air. However, most commonly nowadays, a Blue Moon is the second full moon in one month.
Tonight, New Year's Eve, you should look up because there is going to be a Blue Moon. Tonight's moon is the second full moon of December -- The first occurred Dec. 2.
The last Blue Moon occurred in May 2007. The next one will be in August 2012.
According to modern folklore, a Blue Moon is the second full moon in a calendar month. Usually months have only one full moon, but occasionally a second one sneaks in. Full moons are separated by 29.5 days, while most months are 30 or 31 days long. So it is possible to fit two full moons in a single month.
December has already had one full moon on Dec. 2nd. The one on New Year's Eve is by definition a Blue Moon.
But will it really be blue? Of course not. The date of a full moon, all by itself, doesn't affect the moon's color. The moon tonight on Dec. 31st is pearly-gray, as usual. Unless....
There was a time, not long ago, when people saw blue moons almost every night. Full moons, half moons, crescent moons--they were all blue, except some nights when they were green.
The time was 1883, the year an Indonesian volcano named Krakatoa exploded. Scientists liken the blast to a 100-megaton nuclear bomb. Fully 600 km away, people heard the noise as loud as a cannon shot. Plumes of ash rose to the very top of Earth's atmosphere. And the moon turned blue.
Krakatoa's ash is the reason. Some of the ash-clouds were filled with particles about 1 micron (one millionth of a meter) wide--the right size to strongly scatter red light, while allowing other colors to pass. White moonbeams shining through the clouds emerged blue, and sometimes green.
Blue moons persisted for years after the eruption. People also saw lavender suns and, for the first time, noctilucent clouds. The ash caused "such vivid red sunsets that fire engines were called out in New York, Poughkeepsie, and New Haven to quench the apparent conflagration," according to volcanologist Scott Rowland at the University of Hawaii.
Other less potent volcanos have turned the moon blue, too. People saw blue moons in 1983, for instance, after the eruption of the El Chichon volcano in Mexico. And there are reports of blue moons caused by Mt. St. Helens in 1980 and Mount Pinatubo in 1991.
The key to a blue moon is having in the air lots of particles slightly wider than the wavelength of red light (0.7 micron)--and no other sizes present. This is rare, but volcanoes sometimes spit out such clouds, as do forest fires:
"On September 23, 1950, several muskeg fires that had been quietly smoldering for several years in Alberta suddenly blew up into major -- and very smoky -- fires," writes physics professor Sue Ann Bowling of the University of Alaska. "Winds carried the smoke eastward and southward with unusual speed, and the conditions of the fire produced large quantities of oily droplets of just the right size (about 1 micron in diameter) to scatter red and yellow light. Wherever the smoke cleared enough so that the sun was visible, it was lavender or blue. Ontario and much of the east coast of the U.S. were affected by the following day, but the smoke kept going. Two days later, observers in England reported an indigo sun in smoke-dimmed skies, followed by an equally blue moon that evening."
For more information:
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2004/07jul_bluemoon.htm
AstroMart Archives:
http://www.astromart.com/news/search.asp?search=.+&search_btn=Go
Tonight, New Year's Eve, you should look up because there is going to be a Blue Moon. Tonight's moon is the second full moon of December -- The first occurred Dec. 2.
The last Blue Moon occurred in May 2007. The next one will be in August 2012.
According to modern folklore, a Blue Moon is the second full moon in a calendar month. Usually months have only one full moon, but occasionally a second one sneaks in. Full moons are separated by 29.5 days, while most months are 30 or 31 days long. So it is possible to fit two full moons in a single month.
December has already had one full moon on Dec. 2nd. The one on New Year's Eve is by definition a Blue Moon.
But will it really be blue? Of course not. The date of a full moon, all by itself, doesn't affect the moon's color. The moon tonight on Dec. 31st is pearly-gray, as usual. Unless....
There was a time, not long ago, when people saw blue moons almost every night. Full moons, half moons, crescent moons--they were all blue, except some nights when they were green.
The time was 1883, the year an Indonesian volcano named Krakatoa exploded. Scientists liken the blast to a 100-megaton nuclear bomb. Fully 600 km away, people heard the noise as loud as a cannon shot. Plumes of ash rose to the very top of Earth's atmosphere. And the moon turned blue.
Krakatoa's ash is the reason. Some of the ash-clouds were filled with particles about 1 micron (one millionth of a meter) wide--the right size to strongly scatter red light, while allowing other colors to pass. White moonbeams shining through the clouds emerged blue, and sometimes green.
Blue moons persisted for years after the eruption. People also saw lavender suns and, for the first time, noctilucent clouds. The ash caused "such vivid red sunsets that fire engines were called out in New York, Poughkeepsie, and New Haven to quench the apparent conflagration," according to volcanologist Scott Rowland at the University of Hawaii.
Other less potent volcanos have turned the moon blue, too. People saw blue moons in 1983, for instance, after the eruption of the El Chichon volcano in Mexico. And there are reports of blue moons caused by Mt. St. Helens in 1980 and Mount Pinatubo in 1991.
The key to a blue moon is having in the air lots of particles slightly wider than the wavelength of red light (0.7 micron)--and no other sizes present. This is rare, but volcanoes sometimes spit out such clouds, as do forest fires:
"On September 23, 1950, several muskeg fires that had been quietly smoldering for several years in Alberta suddenly blew up into major -- and very smoky -- fires," writes physics professor Sue Ann Bowling of the University of Alaska. "Winds carried the smoke eastward and southward with unusual speed, and the conditions of the fire produced large quantities of oily droplets of just the right size (about 1 micron in diameter) to scatter red and yellow light. Wherever the smoke cleared enough so that the sun was visible, it was lavender or blue. Ontario and much of the east coast of the U.S. were affected by the following day, but the smoke kept going. Two days later, observers in England reported an indigo sun in smoke-dimmed skies, followed by an equally blue moon that evening."
For more information:
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2004/07jul_bluemoon.htm
AstroMart Archives:
http://www.astromart.com/news/search.asp?search=.+&search_btn=Go
